quarta-feira, 25 de junho de 2014

Uma utility cobre a Cidade de Santa Clara, na California, com Wi-fi




Kathleen Wolf Davis | Jun 03, 2014                                                   

Silicon Valley Power is the municipal utility for the City of Santa Clara, California. The utility covers around 60,000 customers in the area. Recently, the municipality announced a project to expand free outdoor wi-fi across the city.

In this installment of our Utility2Utility series, we spoke with Silicon Valley Power’s Larry Owens, manager of customer services, about that massive wi-fi project.

Intelligent Utility: As a power utility, why add free outdoor wi-fi to a meter project, as you did with Santa Clara?

Owens: During SVP’s advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) investigation phase, we began to see two concepts come together regarding the backhaul of meter data. The first concept arose out of the uncertainty on just how far this first AMI deployment would take us into the future and what functional elements that future might demand. With both wireless connectivity and the Internet of things exploding, we knew that although a narrow band solution would work for bringing back meter reads, it was not going to be future proof.

The second concept was more serendipity than planning. An existing municipal wi-fi company, called MetroFi, provided free outdoor wi-fi to residents in Santa Clara under a business model similar to commercial radio and TV, where the advertisers provided revenue for a service that was otherwise free for consumers. That business model failed in Santa Clara and across the nation.  The city’s residents who used that service pleaded with our leaders to “do something” to save it. That got us thinking about how we might utilize such a system for AMI.  SVP purchased the hardware already installed over half the city for pennies on the dollar, resurrected the free Internet connection for the community and began to test the system as an AMI backhaul on a separate secure channel (or SSID) of the system.

Still, we were hesitant to think of wi-fi as future proof with WiMax and LTE technologies coming down the pike.  In 2010, the American Appliance Manufacturers Association selected wi-fi as the communication standard for smart appliances.  It was then we knew Wi-fi was going to be around for a quite a while.  From that day on, a city-wide Wi-fi system for AMI backhaul with one open “channel” (or SSID) for free city-wide public Wi-fi was part of our plan.  That plan also included mobile workforce support, distribution system monitor and control and supporting the Internet of Utility Things.

A key ingredient for the system’s success was our close coordination and partnership with our vendors, led by Elster Group, with Tropos (which became ABB/Tropos) providing the wi-fi equipment for the Wide-Area Network and Linkpath Communications providing outdoor system design and ongoing public access and utility application field support.  Additionally, Milton Security Group has supported SVP in many areas of network security and provides those essential services for the wi-fi system as well.
And finally, we also asked our customers to prioritize a list of benefits associated with advanced metering in Santa Clara.  The results (shown in the graph) are self-explanatory. Customers sought the benefit of free outdoor wi-fi over all other perceived benefits.


Intelligent Utility: What hurdles did you overcome during the larger SVP MeterConnect project? How did you overcome those?

Owens: Thankfully, SVP was not among the first utilities to pursue advanced metering and managed to avoid some of the more difficult challenges with customer perception and technology shortcomings.  Even so, the technology is changing rapidly with new versions of AMI and Meter Data Management software releases almost yearly.  Between product selection and implementation, we have seen at least two major upgrade releases by our vendors.  In one case, we even reworked our project plan and upgraded during the development phase.

Probably the biggest challenge is integrating the AMI system with the billing system.  This new world is complex and requires a great deal of attention to detail.  Adding to the complexity is the fact that for some period of time utilities must operate a manual-reading system right alongside an automated, AMI system.  In our case, we bill both Water and Electricity; services, which are on two different budgets and timelines for meter deployment.  That is a lot for one billing system to command and control, and get right with every change, every transaction, every day.

Finally, we were acutely aware of the public relations challenges associated with introducing AMI to our customers. We were confident in our customers’ ability to comprehend the benefits if we took a methodical approach to not only testing and deploying meters in the community, but also to providing education and anticipating customer concerns. A proactive communications strategy involving both customer communications channels and local media outreach resulted in positive coverage of SVP MeterConnect and contributed, we believe, to continued high satisfaction ratings in surveys of our business and residential customers.

Intelligent Utility: What benefits do you expect for you and for your customers--with both the meter upgrade program and the wi-fi?

 Owens: Although most utilities see a multitude of benefits coming from the residential sector, SVP is different.  At SVP over 90% of our electricity sales go to businesses and, due to many factors including a mild climate, we have a very minimal system peak.  With some very large electric accounts, one energy efficiency measure executed by a large customer could, and often does, produce more savings than all residential efficiency measures in a program year.

 For our business customers, the cost of electricity hits their bottom line directly.  While residential markets have their efficiency and advanced meter champions, our business sector is continually pushing us to deliver more energy information and products to help their business run more efficiently and profitably.  Launching a meter data portal with threshold-based notifications for our business customers will be highly regarded – as we are regularly reminded as we get ready to go-live with system integrations and deploy meters to our businesses later this year.

The wi-fi system, on the other hand, has over 6,000 daily users---a combination of residents, employees and visitors.  The system covers the entire city which goes a long way to closing the digital divide in Santa Clara.  Without Internet connectivity, our low-income customers would not be able to view their web-based meter data portal.  This is a group where saving even a little through a better understanding of their daily energy use goes a long way.  The combination of AMI and free wi-fi makes this possible for everyone in Santa Clara.

In another situation, a resident involved in a widespread outage came out to show our field crews the SVP outage status webpage.  He had connected to the Internet and navigated to our web page via the SVP MeterConnect wi-fi system, which failed over to the 4-6 hour battery backup.  This is a live demonstration of one of our use cases---maintaining Internet connectivity during a disaster.  Fortunately this was only an outage, but as a demonstration it worked as designed.

Intelligent Utility: What unique considerations for the area did you encounter?

Owens: Perhaps the most difficult part of this wonderful idea lies in the fact that outdoor Wi-fi coverage will never be perfect for low-power devices like smart phones and tablets.  We’ve learned that increasing the concentration of access points to increase the signal strength doesn’t always work.  Too many access points in an area can create self-interference, which in turn works against providing a better user experience.  As you can imagine, there is a great deal of RF “noise” in Silicon Valley already.  Until the Wi-fi capabilities of low-power devices improve, there will be frustration by users who are not in reasonable proximity to an access point.

Intelligent Utility: Tell us about the requirements, considerations and differences when working with a city on a public project. What did that process entail?

Owens: In our case, the electric utility is a municipally-owned enterprise of the City of Santa Clara; essentially a department of the City itself.  Silicon Valley Power owns and maintains 99% of the streetlights in the City.  As a result, SVP had a fairly straight path from idea to implementation.  It was relatively easy to turn up the wi-fi system in a quicker timeframe than the more complex integration of the applications associated with advanced metering.  Additionally, wi-fi reception is not guaranteed and only offered as a bonus to our advanced metering backhaul approach.  We opened the system to users even before it was complete and optimized, which was a full year before we begin deploying meters.  With advanced metering and billing, all systems have to work right every day.

Intelligent Utility: How was the community involved in the project?

Owens: SVP regularly performs research to get an understanding of our customer’s perceptions and attitudes.  SVP undertook two pilot deployments; one to test the technology in the field and one to hone our businesses processes.  These were supported by neighborhood meetings ahead of these deployments.  In addition, as mentioned above, a comprehensive communications plan was implemented to anticipate and address any customer concerns.

Intelligent Utility: What advice would you give other utilities tackling a meter upgrade program? Would you tell them to add on free wi-fi?

Owens: If I had the decision to make over again, I would definitely include the option of using a Wi-fi network as a dynamic opportunity to expand communication capabilities beyond the support of simple meter reads.  Although not perfect for every situation, wi-fi is a ubiquitous standard, it is one of the most actively examined and secured standards, most equipment suppliers have a Wi-fi communication option and the bandwidth capability is future proof.  Because of its flexibility and security, we will use it for distribution monitoring and to support workers in the field via a secure channel.

A funny story: I was presenting the system to a local chapter of IEEE whose focus is wireless technology.  The question of security came up and started a rousing conversation.  One side of the conversation was about how wi-fi is one of the most “attacked” wireless protocols.  Yet wi-fi is also the most studied and secured standard at the same time.  I asked them, “Would you trust a non-standard proprietary system by company X that was not constantly “tested” or the wi-fi standard that is tested by thousands and improved constantly?”  Their trust was with wi-fi.  To which I said, “And I have faith that you Silicon Valley wireless engineers will keep it that way!”

Free outdoor public wi-fi to all areas of the city is impossible to get perfect and has turned out to be a moving target.  After our first heat mapping of the Wi-fi signal strength confirmed that there is great coverage for laptop users, but power sipping smart phones will be frustrated unless they are within site of an access point.  We’re spending some time managing expectations while at the same time working on a plan to infill our weakest areas.  Some city-wide wi-fi implementations like Google’s outdoor wi-fi in Mountain View, CA are removing access points from everywhere except places where people are known to congregate, such as their downtown area.  In our case, we wanted connectivity to every corner of the city to support IP-based connectivity to any device we install in our territory.  There are some utilities taking a hybrid approach: ubiquitous wi-fi access to support IP-based connectivity to devices throughout their territory, but the opening of a channel (SSID) for public wi-fi is limited or not offered

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